Heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian suspensions

A dimensionless equation resembling the Dittus-Boelter equation with modified exponents and additional dimension less groups has been developed by J. J. Salamone. (12) HD/Kf = Z(DVBρB/µB6(CfµB/Kfy(D/Ds)r(Cs/Cf)J(Ks/Kf)η(1) Salamone investigated the range of Reynolds number between 50,000 and 200,000. The results of the correlated data gave the = following exponents for equation; (1) HD/Kf = .131(DVBρB/µB.62(CfµB/Kf.35(D/Ds).72(Cs/Cf).05(Ks/Kf).05(2) Binder and Pollara (19) investigated the lower turbulent region of Reynolds numbers ranging from 10,000 - 70,000 to determine the validity of Salamone\u27s equation in this area. In correlating their data, Binder and Pollara gave the following equation: HD/Kf = .346(DVBρB/µB.70(CfµB/Kf.72(D/Ds)-.152(Cs/Cf).55(Ks/Kf).08(3) Using the same equipment constructed by Binder and Pollara and collaborators, an additional amount of data was collected and correlations drawn therefrom by the authors of this thesis. The prim, intent of this thesis was to check the magnitude of the constant and exponents of Salamone\u27s equation. It was found from the data obtained in this report, that the magnitude of the constant Z and the exponents gave the following equation: HD/Kf = .0131(DVBρB/µB.80(CfµB/Kf.79(D/Ds).106(Cs/Cf).42(Ks/Kf).05(4) The data for equation (4) vas obtained at the values of Reynolds number from 50,000 to 200,000

Inverse problems generated by conformal mappings on complex plane with parallel slits

We study the properties of a conformal mapping z(k; h) from K(h) = C n [\Gamma n where \Gamma n = [u n \Gamma ijh n j; u n + ijh n j]; n 2 Z is a vertical slit and h = fh n g 2 ` 2 R , onto the complex plane with horizontal slits fl n ae R; n 2 Z, with the asymptotics z(iv; h) = iv + (iQ 0 (h) + o(1))=v; v ! +1. Here u n+1 \Gamma u n ? 1; n 2 Z, and the Dirichlet integral Q 0 (h) = RR C jz 0 (k; h) \Gamma 1j 2 dudv=(2) ! 1; k = u + iv. Introduce the sequences l = fl n g; J = fJ n g; where l n = jfl n j sign h n , and J n = jJ n j sign h n ; J 2 n = R \Gamma n j Im z(k; h)jjdkj=. The following results are obtain: 1) an analytic continuation of the function z(\Delta; \Delta) : K(h) \Theta ff : kf \Gamma hk ! rg ! C onto the domain K(h) \Theta ff : kf \Gamma hkC ! rg for h 2 ` 2 R and some r ? 0, and the Lowner equation for z(k; h) when the height of some slit h n is changed, 2) an analytic continuation of the functional Q 0 : ` 2 R ! R+ in the domain ff : k Im fk ! r..

Mapping properties for oscillatory integrals in d-dimensions

AbstractFor aj,bj⩾1, j=1,2,…,d, we prove that the operator Kf(x)=∫R+dk(x,y)f(y)dy maps Lp(R+d) into itself for p=1+1r, where r=a1b1=⋯=adbd, and k(x,y)=φ(x,y)eig(x,y), φ(x,y) satisfies (1.2) (e.g. φ(x,y)=|x−y|iτ,τ real) and the phase g(x,y)=xa⋅yb. We study operators with more general phases and for these operators we require that aj,bj>1, j=1,2,…,d, or al=bl⩾1 for some l∈{1,2,…,d}

Extremal problems for disjoint graphs

For a simple graph $F$, let $\mathrm{EX}(n, F)$ and $\mathrm{EX_{sp}}(n,F)$ be the set of graphs with the maximum number of edges and the set of graphs with the maximum spectral radius in an $n$-vertex graph without any copy of the graph $F$, respectively. Let $F$ be a graph with $\mathrm{ex}(n,F)=e(T_{n,r})+O(1)$. In this paper, we show that $\mathrm{EX_{sp}}(n,kF)\subseteq \mathrm{EX}(n,kF)$ for sufficiently large $n$. This generalizes a result of Wang, Kang and Xue [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B, 159(2023) 20-41]. We also determine the extremal graphs of $kF$ in term of the extremal graphs of $F$.Comment: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.1674

Epstein–Barr virus antibody level and gastric cancer risk in Korea: a nested case–control study

BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies have investigated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection before the occurrence of gastric cancer. METHODS: Among 14 440 cohort participants, 100 incident gastric cancer cases were individually matched to two controls. Epstein-Barr virus antibodies IgG and IgA against viral capsid antigen (VCA), EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody IgG, and early antigen (EA) antibody IgG were measured using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). RESULTS: The highest titres of VCA IgG (odds ratio (OR): 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-3.06) or EBNA IgG (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51-1.46) were not associated with gastric cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of VCA IgG or EBNA IgG were not associated with increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in Koreans.Akiba S, 2008, CANCER SCI, V99, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00674.xKoshiol J, 2007, BRIT J CANCER, V97, P1567, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604063Tedeschi R, 2007, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V165, P134, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwj332Gwack J, 2006, BRIT J CANCER, V95, P639, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603309Ouburg S, 2005, EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT, V17, P1213Chan D, 2005, J RES PRACT INF TECH, V37, P267HERRERAGOEPFERT R, 2005, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V11, P6096CORREA P, 2004, GASTRIC CANCER, V7, P9Macsween KF, 2003, LANCET INFECT DIS, V3, P131Gartner BC, 2003, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V10, P78, DOI 10.1128/CDLI.10.1.78-82.2003Burgess DE, 2002, BRIT J CANCER, V86, P702, DOI 10.1038/sj/bjc/6600107YOO KY, 2002, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V3, P85Chien YC, 2001, NEW ENGL J MED, V345, P1877Bruu AL, 2000, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V7, P451Shinkura R, 2000, J MED VIROL, V60, P411Akre O, 1999, INT J CANCER, V82, P1Tokunaga M, 1998, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V7, P449*IARC, 1997, EPSTEINBARR VIR KAP, V8LEVINE PH, 1995, INT J CANCER, V60, P642LEHTINEN T, 1993, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V4, P187GESER A, 1982, INT J CANCER, V29, P397

Extension of a theorem of Cauchy and Jacobi

AbstractLet q and p be prime with q = a2 + b2 ≡ 1 (mod 4), a ≡ 1 (mod 4), and p = qf + 1. In the nineteenth century Cauchy (Mém. Inst. France 17 (1840), 249–768) and Jacobi (J. für Math. 30 (1846), 166–182) generalized the work of earlier authors, who had determined certain binomial coefficients (mod p) (see H. J. S. Smith, “Report on the Theory of Numbers,” Chelsea, 1964), by determining two products of factorials given by Πk kf! (mod p = qf + 1) where k runs through the quadratic residues and the quadratic non-residues (mod q), respectively. These determinations are given in terms of parameters in representations of ph or of 4ph by binary quadratic forms. A remarkable feature of these results is the fact that the exponent h coincides with the class number of the related quadratic field. In this paper C. R. Mathews' (Invent. Math. 54 (1979), 23–52) recent explicit evaluation of the quartic Gauss sum is used to determine four products of factorials (mod p = qf + 1, q ≡ 5 (mod 8) > 5), given by Πk kf! where k runs through the quartic residues (mod q) and the three cosets which may be formed with respect to this subgroup. These determinations appear to be considerably more difficult. They are given in terms of parameters in representations of 16ph by quaternary quadratic forms. Stickelberger's theorem is required to determine the exponent h which is shown to be closely related to the class number of the imaginary quartic field Q(i√2q + 2a√q), q = a2 + b2 ≡ 5 (mod 8), a odd

Downward Vertical Gaze Palsy As A Prominent Manifestation Of Episodic Ataxia Type 2: A Case Report

How to Cite This Article: Shervin Badv R, Niksirat A. Downward Vertical Gaze Palsy As A Prominent Manifestation Of Episodic Ataxia Type 2: A Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):58- 60. ObjectiveEpisodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intermittent ataxia, nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, or nystagmus.We report a case of EA2, which downward gaze palsy exists as a common sign in all her attacks. Responsiveness of EA2 to acetazolamide was observed in this patient. ReferencesOuvrier R, Aicardi J. Disorders of the peripheral nerves. In: Aicardi J, Bax M, Gillberg C, editors.Diseases of the nervous system in Childhood. 3rd ed. London: Mackeith Press; 2009.Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, Schor NF. Pediatric neurology: principles & practice. 5th ed. London: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.National Ataxia Foundation. Minneapolis: National Ataxia Foundation; 2007 (cited 2007 Feb). Available from: URL: http://www.ataxia.org.Subramony SH, Schott K, Raike RS, Callahan J, Langford LR, Christova PS, et al. Novel CACNA1A mutation causes febrile episodic ataxia with interictal cerebellar deficits. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(6):725-31.Brunt ER, van Weerden TW. Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic ataxia and continuous myokymia. Brain 1990;113(5):1361-82.Jen J. Familial Episodic Ataxias and Related Ion Channel Disorders. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2000;2(5):429-31.Fenichel M. Clinical Pediatric Neurology: A Signs and Symptoms Approach. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2009. P.227-247.Griggs RC, Moxley RT 3rd, Lafrance RA, McQuillen J. Hereditary paroxysmal ataxia: response to Acetazolamide. Neurology 1978;28(12):1259-64.Scoggan KA, Friedman JH, Bulman DE. CACNA1A mutation in a EA-2 patient responsive to acetazolamide and valproic acid. Can J Neurol Sci 2006;33(1):68-72.Kim JM, Kim JS, Ki CS, Jeon BS. Episodic Ataxia Type 2 due to a Deletion Mutation in the CACNA1A Gene in a Korean Family. J Clin Neurol 2006;2(4):268-71.Bain PG, O’Brien MD, Keevil SF, Porter DA. Familial periodic cerebellar ataxia: a problem of cerebellar intracellular pH homeostasis. Ann Neurol 1992;31(2):147-54.Gancher ST, Nutt JG. Autosomal dominant episodic ataxia: a heterogeneous syndrome. Mov Disord. 1986;1(4):239-53.Lubbers WJ, Brunt ER, Scheffer H, Litt M, Stulp R, Browne DL, et al. Hereditary myokymia and paroxysmal ataxia linked to chromosome 12 is responsive to acetazolamide. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;59(4):400-5.Shapiro MS, Gomeza J, Hamilton SE, Hille B, Loose MD, Nathanson NM, et al. Identification of subtypes of muscarinic receptors that regulate Ca2+ and K+ channel activity in sympathetic neurons. Life Sci 2001;68(22-23):2481-7.Baloh RW. Episodic vertigo: Central nervous system causes. Curropin Neurol 2002;15(1):17-21VanDyke DH, Griggs RC, Murphy MJ, Goldstein MN. Hereditary myokymia and periodic ataxia. J Neurolog Sci 1975;25(1):109-18.Jen J, Kim GW, Baloh RW. Clinical spectrum of episodic ataxia type 2. Neurology 2004;62(1):17-22.Singhvi JP, Prabhakar S, Singh P. Episodic ataxia: a case report and review of literature. Neurol India 2000;48(1):78-80.

Thermodynamic investigation of fluoride salts for nuclear energy production

In this work thermodynamic properties of molten fluoride salts and salt mixtures are investigated. Fluoride salts have advantageous properties to be used in energy producing systems based on the conversion from heat to energy like i.e in Molten Salt Reactors. For this purpose it is very important to have detailed information about the heat capacity of the pure salts and salt mixtures. To get a better understanding about the heat capacity in mixtures drop calorimetry measurements of mixtures of LiF with other alkali fluorides were conducted and compared. The investigation of fluoride salts at elevated temperatures is complicated by the fact that fluoride vapour is aggressive to many materials. In order to protect our sensitive measurement equipment the salt samples were encapsulated in nickel crucibles using a laser welding technique and afterwards the whole nickel capsule was measured. This method was veried by the measurement of unmixed CsF and KF where in both examples an excellent agreement with literature data was obtained. Afterwards various intermediate compositions of the systems LiF-KF, LiF-CsF and LiF-RbF were investigated and a general trend according to the difference in cation radii could be established. In combination with literature data for the LiF-NaF system the heat capacity of the liquid state follows the order LiF-NaF <LiF-KF <LiF-RbF <LiF-CsF. An other very effective source of information about materials is their phase diagram. From such diagrams multiple data about phase transition temperatures, vapour pressures, enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of mixing or solubilities can be deduced. Based on own measured phase diagram data using differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC) with a special encapsulation technique and on available literature data a complete description of the LiF-NaF-CaF2-LaF3 phase diagram was obtained. With the help of mathematical models the phase diagrams can be calculated and also higher order systems can be predicted. The LiF-NaF-CaF2-LaF3 system was calculated with the classical polynomial model and the quasi-chemical model in parallel in order to evaluate which of the two models provide a better extrapolation to higher order systems (ternary or quaternary) based on the related binary systems. The two models behaved very similar at the investigated system and the quasi-chemical model was chosen for further assessments of phase diagrams. This model was selected, since it considers the chemical nature of the investigated system and to simplify the integration of the obtained data in an already existing database of fluoride salt phase diagrams at the Institute for Transuranium Elements in Karlsruhe, Germany. In the Molten salt reactor technology UF3 has a big influence on the corrosion properties of the used salt mixture. But only limited phase diagram data exist regarding this compound. Therefore, the LiF-UF3 and NaF-UF3 system was measured with the DSC method and the LiF-NaF-UF3-UF4 quaternary system was mathematically assessed. The assessment was complicated by a disproportionation of UF3 during the measurements which is faster in the NaF-UF3 system due to the fluoroacidity difference of LiF and NaF. A key system for various designs of the Molten Salt Reactor is LiF-ThF4 binary system. The phase diagram of that system was reassessed based on various newly measured data in this study. In this context also a modication to the used DSC measurement technique was done in order to be able to measure enthalpies of mixing of the two components LiF and ThF4. This method was developed during this work and was veried by the measurement of the LiF-KF system where experimental data exist. A very good agreement between the measured data and the literature was obtained. Also an intermediate solid compound of the LiF-ThF4 system, namely Li3ThF7, was synthesized and the enthalpy of fusion was determined. All new experimental results were considered in the reassessment of the phase diagram. As consequence the assumption of the liquid heat capacity of ThF4 was corrected from 133.9 J ·K^-1 · mol^-1 to 170 J ·K^-1 · mol^-1. With the obtained results and several new phase diagram descriptions it was investigated, if CaF2 is a beneficial component to be used in the salt mixture of two different molten salt reactor designs. It is concluded that CaF2 has no profitable influence on the LiF-NaF-BeF2-PuF3 salt mixture in a specific transuranium burner design (MOSART concept). But it has advantageous influence on the LiF-ThF4 mixture of a thorium breeder design (MSFR) and should be subject to further investigations. During the experimental work of this thesis several scientific articles were published. Major parts of this work can be found in: O. Benes, M. Beilmann, R. J. M. Konings, "Thermodynamic assessment of the LiF-NaF-ThF4-UF4 system", J. Nucl. Mat 405 (2010) 186-198. M. Beilmann, O. Benes, R. J. M. Konings, Th. Fanghänel, "Thermodynamic investigation of the (LiF + NaF + CaF2 + LaF3) system", J. Chem. Thermodyn., 43 (2011) 1515-1524. M. Beilmann, O. Benes, R. J. M. Konings, Th. Fanghänel, "Thermodynamic assessment of the (LiF + UF3) and (NaF + UF3) systems", J. Chem. Thermodyn., 57 (2013) 22-31. O. Benes, R. J. M. Konings, D. Sedmidubský, M. Beilmann, O. S. Valu, E. Capelli, M. Salanne, S. Nichenko, "A comprehensive study of the heat capacity of CsF from T = 5 K to T = 1400 K", J. Chem. Thermodyn., 57 (2013) 92-100. E. Capelli, O. Benes, M. Beilmann, R. J. M. Konings, "Thermodynamic investigation of the LiF-ThF4 system", J. Chem. Thermodyn., 58 (2013) 110-116. M. Beilmann, O. Benes, E. Capelli, R. J. M. Konings, Th. Fanghänel, "Excess heat capacity in liquid binary alkali fluoride mixtures", Inorg. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic302168g

Removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution using desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) seed shell

The feasibility of utilizing desert date seed shell (DDSS) as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of hazardous crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Cary 630; Agilent Technologies) and scanning electron microscopy (PRO: X: Phenonm World 800-07334). The influence of operational parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were studied using batch mode technique. The obtained results showed that 60 min contact time, 0.4g adsorbent dose, solution pH of 8 and 60 oC temperature resulted in maximum CV removal. The equilibrium data fitted very well to Freundlich model (R 2 = 0.9983) and the KF and 1/n values were found to be 31.21 dm3g -1 and 0.828 respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of DDSS for CV as determined by Langmuir isotherm is 294.12 mg g -1at 303K. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo second order was the best model (R 2 = 0.9999) for the description of CV uptake with the experimental value of qe 20.3575 mg g -1 being closer to the calculated value of the qe 20.3651 mg g -1 . Thermodynamic studies revealed a negative value for ∆G o (-11.07 kJ mol -1 ) and a positive value for ∆H o (33.75 kJ mol -1 ) and ∆S o (134.9 J mol -1 K-1&nbsp; ). These indicated the&nbsp; spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Keywords: Adsorption, Desert date seed shell, Crystal violet, Batch&nbsp; mode, Modelin

Neurological Manifestations of Renal Diseases in Children in Qazvin/ Iran

  How to Cite This Article: Dalirani R, Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Ahmadi Gh. Neurological Manifestations of Renal Diseases inChildren in Qazvin/ Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2016; 10(3):24-27.AbstractObjectiveRenal diseases are one of the most common causes of referrals and admissions of children, hence it is important to know their neurological presentations. This study aimed to determine neurological presentations of renal diseases in children.Material &amp; MethodsA total of 634 children with renal diseases, admitted to Qazvin Pediatric Hospital, Qazvin, central Iran from 2011 to 2013 were studied. Neurological presentations of patients were established and the results were analyzed using statistical tests.ResultsNeurological presentations were found in 18 (2.8%) out of 634 patients, of whom 15 had febrile seizures, two thromboembolism, and one encephalopathy. Among patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), 2.6% had febrile seizures, 11.1% of those with glomerulonephritis had encephalopathy, and 3.7% of those with nephrotic syndrome had cerebral thromboembolism.ConclusionResults showed neurological presentations in 2.8% of children with renal diseases, and febrile seizure as the most common presentation. References 1.      Elder JS. Urinary tract infection. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton RE, Schor NF, Geme III JW St, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Phila, Saunders; 2011: 1838-1846. 2.      Bhoobun S, Jalloh AA, Jacobsen KH. Cerebral venous thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome: case report. Pan Afr Med J 2012;13:57. 3.      Lee P, Verrier Jones K. Urinary tract infection in febrile convulsions. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66(11):1287-90. 4.      Bensman A, Dunand O, Ulinski T: Urinary tract infection. In: Avner ED, Harman WE, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N, Pediatric Nephrology. Berlin, Springer. 2009:1007-1025. 5.      Anochie I, Eke F, Okpere A. Childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids. J Natl Med Assoc 2006; 98(12):1977-81. 6.      Pan GC, Avner ED. Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infections. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton RE, Schor NF, Geme III JW St, Behrman RE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Phila, Saunders; 2011: 1783-6. 7.      Salvadori M, Bertoni E. Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. World J Nephrol 2013 6; 2(3): 56-7. 8.      Shinnar S. Febrile seizures. In: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S,Ferriero DM. Pediatric neurology: principles and practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2006:1079-86. 9.      Bryce A. Kerlin, Rose Ayoob, William E. Smoyer. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome–Associated Thromboembolic Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012 ; 7(3): 513–520. 10.  Faigle R, Sutter R, Kaplan PW. The electroencephalography of encephalopathy in patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders. J Clin Neurophysiol 2013;30(5):10.1097. doi:10.1097/WNP.0b013e3182a73db9. 11.  Momen AA, Monajemzadeh SM, Gholamian M. The Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection among Children with Febrile Convulsions. Iran J Child Neurol 2011; 5(3): 29-32. 12.  Burn D J, Bates D. Neurology and the kidney. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1998;65:810–821. 13.  Orth SR, Ritz E. The nephrotic syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;338: 1202-11. 14.  Zaffanello M, Franchini M. Thromboembolism in childhood nephritic syndrome: a rare but serious complication. Hematology 2007; 12:69-73. 15.  Sébire G, Tabarki B, Saunders DE, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Brain 2005; 128 (3):477–89. 16.  Joel F, Denis G, deVeber Gabrielle D V. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood: report of four new cases and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2006; 165(10):709–716. 17.  Nathanson S, Kwon T, Elmaleh M et al. Acute neurological involvement in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 ;5(7):1218-28.